The Importance Of Genetic Diversity - 749 Words

Intraspecific phenotypic variation exists for adaptive traits across a climatic gradient in natural populations. Latitudinal variations have been observed for seed dormancy, cold tolerance, height, and flowering time in Arabidopsis (Kronholm et al. 2012; Samis et al. 2012; Debieu et al. 2013). Likewise, in cultivated crop species, geographical distribution from tropical to cold temperate conditions became possible through adaptation of flowering time to local conditions (Camus-Kulandaivelu et al. 2006; Ducrocq et al. 2008; Buckler et al. 2009). Furthermore, local adaptation of traditional varieties has played essential roles in ensuring marginal yield under adverse climatic conditions in smallholder farmers’ fields and low input†¦show more content†¦2011). Furthermore, population genomic tools have helped improve our understanding of phenotypic evolution in crop species like maize (Ducrocq et al. 2008; Hufford et al. 2012; van Heerwaarden et al. 2012), rice (Olsen et al. 2006), and sorghum (Morris et al. 2013; Lasky et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2015). Sorghum bicolor is an essential staple cereal crop in dryland regions of the world and it has adapted to a wide range of climatic environments with intraspecific phenotypic variation across clines for flowering time, plant architecture and inflorescence architecture (Thurber et al. 2013; Morris et al. 2013; Lasky et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2015). For instance, in the West African region, climatic gradient occurs from mangrove swamplands and humid tropical rain forest in the coastal regions of Atlantic ocean in the south to arid environments up north at the edge of the Sahara desert. Sorghum phenotypic variation varies along this climatic gradient. Open panicle sorghum types are predominant in the humid regions while semi-compact to compact panicle types are predominant in the semi-arid and arid regions. The diversity of climatic zones often vary from country to country in the region. The Nigerian geographical landscape is divided into about 8 agroclimatic zones based on precipitation pattern. Sorghum is a major cereal in the northern regions of Nigeria, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Germplasm On Plants And Tissue That Helps Maintain The Breeding And Conservation Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesagricultural production. The importance of germplasms is to produce plants for food, fibers, animal feeds, industrial and medicinal purposes, and for landscape and ornamental uses (4). With the increasing knowledge, many farmers are learning how to plant breeders, increase crop yields, and enhance quality. Plants carry DNA, which is primary genetic information that is carried in plants to make a duplication of the same crop. Germplasm is important for the living genetic resources of seed and tissueRead MoreWhat Are Genetic Diversity?995 Words   |  4 Pagestwo more different genes is not surprising. Genetic diversity can improve the lifespan of a population and individuals and protect the body from foreign substances. What is genetic diversity? Genetic diversity is the different level of genes in an individual. Genetic diversity, in a population, is the population contains most of one or more alternative forms of a gene that mutate at the same place on the chromosome (Paritsis). 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Genetic diversity is the key ingredient from which all otherRead MoreGenetically Vigorous Populations Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction into Genetic Diversity Genetic diversity provides a species with its form and function. A species genotype refers to their genetic code; what their cells are going to be used for – hair cell, eye cell, muscle cell, etc. A species phonotype refers to the way in which that species gene will be expressed – blonde hair, blue eyes, large muscle tone; which significantly impacts the success of that individuals genes. Without genetic diversity among populations the gene poolsRead MoreThe Production of Sesame in Ethiopia Essay examples1457 Words   |  6 Pagesrecognized as a cultivated species (Getinet et al. 1998). Even though the origin of sesame is still in debate, Mehra (1967) and Mahajan (2007) considered Ethiopia as the origin of cultivated sesame. Bedigian (1981) argues that, owing to the wide genetic diversity in East Africa (Ethiopia), it is reasonable to assume that this subcontinent is the primary center of origin and India would then be thought of as a secondary center for sesame. Sesam e seed, also known as sesamum, gingelly, benniseed, sim-simRead MoreImportance Of Diversity Between Species And Species1110 Words   |  5 Pagessource and importance of diversity with and between species using examples from the order Squamata, class Reptilia, comprising of over 9000 different species (Uetz, 2014) of lizards and snakes, (HABITATS) Diversity within and between species is created by genetic variation; a process that allows new traits to originate which will then become more or less prominent in a population through Natural Selection.The factors mainly responsible for this diversity can be traced mainly to genetic mechanismsRead MoreEvaluate the Importance of Ecosystem Management and Protection1135 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the importance of ecosystem management and protection An ecosystem is defined as a group of organisms and their biophysical environment interact and exchange matter and energy, collectively, they form an ecological system. By identifying the characteristic patters of interaction it is possible to distinguish different types of ecosystem. Many forms and features have been accountable for the destruction of different ecosystems. This has been achieved within the atmosphere-varies in temperatureRead MoreDetermining The Population Structure Of Salmo Salar1027 Words   |  5 Pages(Youngson et al 2003) explains that in the management of hatcheries, managers must make decisions based on population structure and genetic insight. This research would provide novel information that could inform better decision making in terms of the effectiveness and efficiency of the hatchery. The Atlantic Salmon is an appropriate fish to study because of it’s importance globally. It is a commonly eaten fish, and is very prevalently produced used in aquaculture techniques. In addition to that, it’s