Summary Tomorrow Is Not Promised For No One

â€Å"Tomorrow is not promised to no one.† – Walter Payton. From all walks of life we are born to fail, make life an adventure of our own, and become prosperous in our own individual ways. In terms of lifestyle, America is essentially incomparable to Africa. The abundance of resources, supplies, and safety our nation provides for its citizens is something I personally will forever grateful for. On the other hand, in Africa their resources, supplies, and even safety is nowhere near guaranteed due to their lack of financial stability. Natural born African natives are at a complete disadvantage economically, socially, and for some, educationally. One key aspect of the life that African born boys and girls have on us American kids is their drive to work. No matter the age, time, or place millions of children in Africa wake up at the crack of dawn or in the howling darkness of midnight to help support their family. Obviously America doesn’t exactly follow in the Afric an’s working culture (anymore), but at some point in our own country’s history we were in similar shoes. Once the recession hit in the 1920’s countless of American children were forced to work extended hours with brutal working conditions such as, unfinished roofs, complex equipment, and non-sanitary machines under no restrictions. Clearly, America survived the biggest employment drought due to numerous political and societal reasons other than holding children against their will work for an extended period of time. FromShow MoreRelatedNotes On The Book The Odyssey 1275 Words   |  6 Pagesalso known as Leucothoes the white goddess. Daughter of Cadmus, Ino of the slim ankles she was once an immortal but now a goddess who lives in the salt depths of the sea. Leucothoe offers Odysseus help, but he chooses to not listen to her advice. Summary of Book 5: Due to the sympathy and sensitivity athene feels towards oddysseus’s plight and his entire family, she decides to approach Zues and broach the topic of Odysseus’s return . she decides to once again approach sues, this time more passionatelyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald924 Words   |  4 Pagesimmediately taken with her because of her wealth, beauty, and charm. Realizing that Daisy would reject him if she knew of his poverty, he decided to lie about his past and his circumstances. Before Gatsby went off to fight in the war, Daisy had promised that she would wait for him. But she broke her promise, she got married to Tom Buchanan, who was her social equal and the choice of her parents. 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Informative speech outline Essay - 1391 Words

Title: Suicide Among Teenagers Specific purpose: To inform my audience on some of the causes on teen suicides. I. Introduction A. Attention Material: It has been verified on April 19th, 2013 by the Center for Disease Control that for youths between the ages of 10-24, suicide is the third leading cause for death in the United States. (Center for Disease Control: Teen Suicide Statistics, Chart number 1) B. Tie to the audience: Teenagers taking their own life has always been an idea hard to fathom from many people, but I’m sure you guys would like to see teenage suicide from a whole different perspective to better understand what takes the victims of teen suicide to such a point of desperation. C. Credibility material: Death has†¦show more content†¦With a day like this, most high school student don’t get to bed until about 1 in the morning which leaves them with only 6 hours of sleep. 2. In Palo Alto High School, located in Palo Alto California there have been 7 teen suicides from May of 2009 to September 2011. (Teens, stress, and suicide: A day in the life, pg.1). 3. Students have no way out of the stressful lives they live. a. When there are incidents of suicides in high schools, the students are expected to return to school and perform like the normally would with maybe a maximum of a day to cope and possibly some form of counseling. b. But most students don’t even use these resources because they are afraid if they take any form of a break they will slack off with their school work and their chances of a bright future are gone. 4. Some kids do commit suicide, but the ones who don’t can still take part in other destructive, self-harming activities such as cutting, drug and alcohol use, and many other self-harming activities. [Transition: Now after understanding how suicide and stress are related, I can explain to you how suicide and bullying are related.] B. There is a very strong link between bullying andShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Outline802 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Thanks 1. Thanks professor Tuckerman for the introduction. B. Salutation 1. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. C. Ethos 1. What increases heart rate, causes sleep disturbance, makes people cry, act violent, makes some people sleep more and causes untold aches and pains? It s Wednesday! Six hours of homework to do, babysit the little sister, feed the dog, cut the grass, oh and lets not forget your boyfriend is being a jerkRead MoreInformative Speech Outline2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithout stating to whom these ideas or statements belong to. A student suspected of plagiarism can be given a zero mark, and possibly fail the entire course. 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INTODUCTION: Attention Getter : I can’t remember any things well while I thought something happened to me, I feel like I ever seen something but I don’t know when it was or where it was. And I also feel like I’ve been somewhere but I don’tRead MoreInformative Speech : Speech Outline1006 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Final Draft Outline I. Introduction A. Attention getter: How many you have ever had a car accident or someone you care about had a car accident? B. Background and Audience Relevance: According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2015, about thirty-five hundred people were killed, and four hundred thousand were injured in car crashes. Oral Citation 1: NHTSA, govt website, 2015. C. Speaker credibility: Many of my close family members have been in car accidentsRead MoreOutline Informative Speech1502 Words   |  7 PagesNAME : Syifa Fadhilah Hamid CLASS : 12 DBM SUBJECT : Outline Informative Speech SPECIFIC PURPOSE : to inform my audience about Deja Vu CENTRAL IDEA : to inform my audience about the theory of Deja Vu. Including what, how and the effect about Deja Vu . INTODUCTION: Attention Getter : I can’t remember any things well while I thought something happened to me, I feel like I ever seen something but I don’t know when it was or where it was. And I also feel like I’ve been somewhere but I don’t know whenRead MoreInformative Speech Outline1175 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Outline Speech 131 Author’s Note: This research is being submitted for Title: Taxes Made Easy! Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about how to use the 1040EZ tax form. Central Idea: Today, I hope to make tax season easier for you by demonstrating to you how easy it is to fill out and file the 1040EZ income tax form, if you qualify. Introduction Stanton Delaplane once joked about the IRS, saying he heard it had suggested a simplified tax form with onlyRead MoreInformative Speech : Speech Outline1066 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Outline I. Introduction a. Attention Material a. Raise your hand if you have or are currently working retail. b. According to Quentin Fottrell, from Market Watch, â€Å"Nearly 4 out of 5 U.S. students†¦ work while in school.† b. Tie to Audience a. Many of you have most likely experienced working retail or know someone who has. c. Credibility a. I recently worked 9 months in Bath and Body Works, so I am well aware of all of the horrors of working in retail. d. Thesis a. 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The nature of skills Free Essays

Skills represent your talents, abilities, and aptitudes – in short, what you are good at doing. Skills are built gradually by repeated training or other experiences. They may be, manual, intellectual or mental, perceptual or social. We will write a custom essay sample on The nature of skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Source: I) Skills are built gradually by repeated training or other experience. May also be defined as any competence possessed by someone; in an employment using there hands well among manual workers. The acquisition of skill is a tortuous process that takes us through the following sequence: 1. Unconscious incompetence This is the stage when ignorance is bliss, when it looks easy and you don’t realise how much there is to it. In an example of a skilful presenter to the observer, he may be performing the task effortlessly. 2 Conscious incompetence This is the realisation that, when you first try to emulate the skilful performer, you can’t do it. This is an unpleasant discovery which may shock you into giving up and returning to the relative comfort of stage 1. 3 Conscious competence This stage is hard work! It is when you are able to do a competent presentation, but only by investing an enormous amount of conscious effort into every aspect of it. You have to force yourself to make adequate eye contact with the audience and to stand still. You have to force yourself not to talk to the visual aids and to synchronise your gestures with your main messages. This is such hard work that you may decide that it isn’t worth the effort and abandon your attempt to acquire the skills in question. 4 Unconscious competence This is the skilful stage when you too can do professional presentations effortlessly! Even this, however, isn’t the end of the story, because of the real danger of complacency creeping in. The more skilful you are, the more you tend to cut corners which, if unchecked for long periods, degenerate into bad habits. The answer is to drop back to conscious competence every now and again to check things out and eradicate the bad habits. (Source: iii) The four basic learning strategies are as follows; 1. Trial and Error 2. Being Told or Instructed 3. Copying or imitation 4. Thinking for yourself (class notes 4rm 26-11-02) A perfect example illustrating the application of the methods outlined above would be acquisition of Social competence (Source; II) DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF VARIOUS DIFFERENT TYPES OF SKILLS Various different types of skills to be outlined in TASK 2 can be developed and improved through a number of processes the main ones being: 1. Learning 2. Education 3. Training; this is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behaviour through learning experience to achieve performance in an activity or range of activities. 4. Personal development; an inevitable process which is unique to each individual, and which enables that individual to develop, increasing knowledge, skill, moral values and understanding. 3rd TASK SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FROM PREVIOUS TASK I believe that by carrying out this ‘skills audit’ on myself to fulfil the requirement of the set task 3, I will gain further incite into the current level skills and with that in mind I should hopefully be able to identify the sklls that require more attention in future. Communication I speak to others with ease and clarity, giving information and explanations which are clear and easily understood. I have identified that I need to improve on this by listening actively to others. Motivation Showing a lot of energy and enthusiasm is always good for motivation; I need to do this a lot more in order to improve the current skill level. Delegation This is a task that I readily seem to take for granted, in order to build a reflective team I will need to focus more on this aspect of leadership and attempt to increase my capabilities in it. Decision – making I have to always evaluate the alternative lines of action in order to make appropriate decisions. Lots of information is also required to help this process. Strength My strength is self-confidence and understanding what my weaknesses are. I try to be as realistic and am willing to learn from past failures and successes. I’m reliable and I can cope with pressure and control my emotions. Weaknesses My main weaknesses may lie in time management, a skill which performed in a grouped situation I able to cope with, but individually on a task, I will need to work upon suggestion include planning more effectively. How to cite The nature of skills, Papers

Management of Schizophrenia for Interpersonal - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Management of Schizophreniafor Interpersonal Skills. Answer: Interpersonal skills to be used on Andrew Interpersonal skills refer to the skills that we use when we associate or impart with other people, both in gatherings and separately (Vickers Linde, 2014). In this case, since Andrew is suffering from schizophrenia, the most important skills needed to engage with him will e the listening and communication skills. Communication can be either through non- verbal or verbal communication. Verbal communications requires an individual to slow down when addressing an individual, this is very important as it gives the other person the chance to respond to questions. The other important thing during communication is the listening skills, which is important as it enables one to give appropriate feedback. When dealing with patients with schizophrenia like Andrew, it is important to be mindful and show respect by not showing him a harsh attitude that will make him feel humiliated. When dealing with Andrew, it is important to note that, by being kind, it will enhance the patients recovery process because, proper communication skills will help the patient be attentive and calm, which is important for the mental health. In this case, when engaging with the patient it is imperative for the healthcare provider to consider their emotions and feelings by adjusting the tone and the body language. Similarly, non verbal communication is very important as it involves the actions individuals do subconsciously without them knowing. In most cases, on- verbal communication is what the other people see and derive meaning like the facial expressions, gestures, tone, and the physical positions adopted. It is important to address the non- verbal communication when engaging with Andrew because, just like any other normal person, he can uncover the actual intent, which can impact him either positively or negatively. In addition, when dealing with Andrew, it is important to adopt proper communication skills in order to help explain to him the nature of illness, the cause of symptoms, and the reasons as to why they have/need to take medication (Hutchinson Jackson, 2013). The other important interpersonal skill applicable to Andrew is the listening skills. Just like communication skills, listening skills are equally important as they help in the analysis of the patients problems, which will enable the healthcare provider to address the problems or the symptoms the patient is going through. In this case, it is vital to note that, the key to effective communication is listening. Therefore, when engaging with Andrew, it is important to adopt proper listening skills, which will involve asking questions regarding his condition or symptoms so that important health decisions can be made (Fischer, 2016). Signs and Symptoms of Psychosis Schizophrenia is a mental illness involving a disconnect in the relationship between behavior, thought, and emotions leading to inappropriate feelings and action, withdrawal from personal relationship and reality into delusions and fantasy (Norman, Gibb, Dyer, Prentice, Yelland, Cheng Edwards, 2016). The main symptoms of schizophrenia are delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms. However, for the purposes of this paper, symptoms of delusions and hallucinations will be discussed. Delusion Delusions are the false thoughts, impressions or beliefs held by the patient regardless of the fact that they are not real or they contradict actual evidence, this affects the patients quality of life as the patient experiences a series of paranoia (Fowler, Freeman Bebbington, 2014). Paranoia delusions is where the patients experiences persecutory delusions by making claims that people are conspiring or plotting against him of which is not the case. For instance, Andrew claims that a transmitter chip has been inserted in his brain so that the person responsible can monitor his thoughts, which in reality is not the case. The patient also claims that electrical supplies are being moved and the light outside being operated in order to interfere with his thoughts. Such actions or claims portray an evidence of paranoia delusions (Phelan McCormack, 2016). Further, Andrew claims that the other students are conspiring with the lecturers so as to get him into trouble. Evidently, such false claims indicate a serious case of paranoia which needs immediate medical attention in order to ease the symptoms. In addition, Andrew is experiencing hallucinations. Hallucinations Hallucinations refer to the false sensory experiences that take place without outside stimuli. This means that, the patient hears and sees things that other people are not seeing or hearing, which is not the case in reality (McEvoy, Freter, Merritt Apperson, 2013). In the case study, Andre claims that he can hear people talking about him and in reality there are no other people in the room. Such symptoms are known as auditory hallucinations where the patient hears voices of non- existing people (Tait, Birshwood Tower, 2015). In addition, Andrew exhibited hallucinations as he gives questionable narrations of people within the institution spying on him. How to Respond to Andrew on the question of Prescription Based on the nature of his condition, proper listening and communication skills aimed at helping him manage the challenge of schizophrenia is vital for the health care provider, therefore, it is my responsibility to explain to the patient on the nature and cause of his mental state, how to manage his symptoms in order to improve his quality of his, and above all the importance of using medication in order to reduce his symptoms. In this case, I will use my verbal communication skills and empathy to explain to Andrew the importance of risperidone 1mg nocte medication in reducing his symptoms and improving his quality of life, which include an improvement in his school performance and his ability to socialize with the other students without paranoia delusion symptoms. Therefore, it is important for me to explain to Andrew the importance of using the medication and also the consequences of not using the medication. In this case, it is important for Andrew to understand that the instruct ions that I am giving him are a reassurance and guidance that will enable him cope with his symptoms as he looks forward towards his healing process. Additionally, Andrew should know that not taking or skipping medication can worsen his condition. For instance, May (2013) explains that, patients who do not use antipsychotic medication as prescribed have an increased risk of relapse as compared to those patients who use the medication as directed by the doctor. According to Olson (2015), one of the major risks of not using the medication properly is the increased potential of assault and many other risky behaviors like suicidal. Therefore, it is importance for Andrew and the caregiver to follow my advice as failure to use the medication can cause a relapse, which can be life threatening to the people around him and even to himself. In addition, it is important to make follow up meetings to encourage and ensure that the patient is using the medication properly. In the meetings, I will assess the progress of his health and encourage him further to use the medication in order to recover fully. The Care Plan to be used As directed by the general practitioner, the patient should be well monitored by establishing an appropriate care plan. In this case, I will address Andrew clearly and directly in a professional way as I explain to him the diagnosis, treatment, and medication of GP. I will also explain to him the care plan that I will use on him so that they do not think or feel that that their consent was not taken into consideration. Second, I will teach the patient on some of the reality based and distraction techniques that will enable him reduce the delusions and hallucinations. I will also monitor the patient for signs and symptoms like confusions or talking to themselves in order to use the correct medication to ease them from such symptoms. Further, I will encourage him to speak to me when he experiences any symptoms like delusions and hallucinations, which might suggest the relapse of the condition. In the case where the patient experiences mild symptoms, it is imperative to offer him with g uidance and counseling where I will explain to them on the importance of sharing their beliefs or perceptions as they are the major contributors of the delusions and hallucinations (Clearly, Hunt Horsfall, 2015). In addition, I will set some time aside to deal with the impaired verbal communication. The ideal ways to achieve this is my interacting with the patient face to face. During this interaction, I will inform the patient how to respond and react in cases where they are no able to comprehend or respond to questions or situations they are not conversant with. When or if the patient shows lack of emotions or interest to important matters, I will model various expressions and feelings to try make him become sensitive to emotions (Randle, 2016). The other care plan that is of importance will be the examination of the mental status in the case where the patient will present severe psychotic symptoms, which might relate to bizarre behavior, verbal or physical aggression, labile depression or mood, kill thoughts, suicidal thoughts, hallucinations, anxiety, impaired attention, and poor insight. By examining the mental status of the patient for the above symptoms, I will be in a better position to plan for the medical treatment to ease the patient from the symptoms. Therefore, in Andrews care plan, I will ensure that friends and family accompany him to the facility and I will ensure all his basic needs like eating and hygiene are met. References Fischer, S. A. (2016). Diagnosing and treating mental disorders: a concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(11), 2644-2653. Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Bebbington, P. E. (2014). A cognitive model of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychological medicine, 31(2), 189-195. Hutchinson, M, M., Jackson, D. (2013). Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia: towards a more critical interpretation. Nursing inquiry, 20(1), 11-22. Hunt, G. E., Horsfall, J., (2015). Diagnosing schizophrenia. Issues in mental health and nursing, 31(5), 331-335. May, S. (2013). Mental disorders. In Handbook of mental care (pp. 231-245). Springer New York. 2(5)pp56 McEvoy, J. P., Freter, S., Merritt, M., Apperson, L. J. (2013). Insight about schizophrenia among outpatients. Hospital and community psychiatry. 2(56)67- 78 Norman, R. E., Gibb, M., Dyer, A., Prentice, J., Yelland, S., Cheng, Q., Edwards, H. (2016). Improved psychiatry care for mental health patients in Australia. International psychiatry journal, 13(3), 303-316. Olson, M. H. (2015). An introduction to mental disorders. schizophrenia Press. Phelan, A., McCormack, B. (2016). Exploring nursing expertise in caring for mental patients: a mixed method study. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(10), 2524-2535. Randle, J., (2016). Nursing care plan. Journal of advanced nursing, 43(4), 395-401. Tait, L., Birshwood, M., Tower, P. (2015). Predicting engagement with services for mental disorder: insight, symptoms and recovery style. The Journal of Psychiatry, 182(2), 123-128. Vickers, A. J., Linde, K. (2014). Intervention for acute mental disorder. Jama, 311(9), 955-956.

Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Essay Essay Example

Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Essay Paper 1. Stakeholders 1. 1. The five-year miss and the injured: – as because of this incident a five twelvemonth miss lost her life and nil is more cherished that life. 1. 2. Customers: – because people were resting their hereafters in the custodies of this figure febrility publicity run. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. 3. Victoria Angelo. her household and households like hers: – these people who didn’t have adequate money to eat were purchasing Pepsi in the hope of altering their whole life. The rich company Pepsi was doing money by doing these people believe that they might win a batch of money. Alternatively of utilizing their scarce resources for something more existent. these people spent it on Pepsi constructing up dreams of acquiring rich and taking a good life. 1. 4. Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. : as the run was launched by Pepsi-cola. it is responsible for the results like deceases. cases. injured etc. 1. 5. Pepsi-Cola International: – as Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. is a portion of the transnational house with subdivisions all over the universe. this incident might negatively consequence the gross revenues in other states. 1. 6. PepsiCo Inc. : as it owns 19 % of the company. 1. 7. Insurance companies: – The insurance companies are affected by this incident as a batch of the Pepsi-cola autos. trucks and waggons were destroyed by the angry public and these companies might hold to pay for it. 1. 8. Rivals particularly Coca-Cola: as a consequence of this incident coca-cola might be able to snap away a immense ball of the market from Pepsi. 1. 9. Government: – It has to do certain that companies follow the Torahs and they have to protect the guiltless consumers. The authorities has to do certain illegal and unethical activities do non go on. It has to do certain that the Torahs are implemented without any exclusions. 1. 10. Judicial system in Philippines: – as it is responsible for doing certain that no misdemeanors of Torahs and ordinances go on and people who do it are dealt with in the proper mode. 1. 11. Company Employees: – they might lose their occupations as a consequence of the public violences and losingss that Pepsi had to face. 1. 12. Peoples who ran the computing machine or made the computing machine plan: as they have a important function to play in the misprinting of the Numberss. 1. 13. Banks and fiscal establishments: – although non really clear from the instance Pepsi-cola might haven taken loans form other Bankss. 1. 14. Share and Stockholders: – although non really clear from the instance. the value of the portions and stock of Pepsi-cola Company might hold fallen. 2. Ethical Issues 2. 1. Trust: – A clime of trust provides improved communicating. greater predictability. dependableness and assurance among the customer’s. employees and the company. The people trusted Pepsi to pay them the money if they would win. But Pepsi dining do that hence interrupting client trust. something one time broken is really hard to recover. 2. 2. Egoism: – the company was merely believing about its ain involvements when it launched the run. It didn’t see the hapless people who might be lured by this figure febrility and pass the small money they had on Pepsi-cola alternatively of salvaging it and utilizing for nutrient. medical specialties. instruction etc. hence harming the guiltless clients. 2. 3. Misrepresentation: – With the winning Numberss pre-selected by computing machine and merely ten 1-million-peso awards available. the opportunity of anyone going a peso millionaire was one in 28. 8 million. But Pepsi drinkers didn’t know that. The few victors got saturation media coverage. and full households spent excessive clip and attempt roll uping bottle caps. 2. 4. Larceny: – these people who didn’t have adequate money to eat were purchasing Pepsi in the hope of altering their whole life. The rich company Pepsi was doing money by doing these people believe that they might win a batch of money. Alternatively of utilizing their scarce resources for something more existent. these people spent it on Pepsi constructing up dreams of acquiring rich and taking a good life. When Pepsi refused to pay the rightful victors their rightful money. the company robbed these people of their dreams. hopes and fiscal resources. 3. The defining of Public felicity a. There was possibly a small coaction of private public assistance and public good. The company was giving out prises valuing up to 1 million to people. Although the company intended to derive more market portion through this action. it besides helped people acquire more money and live a better life. On the other manus it was besides private public assistance as merely a smattering people truly profited from this action. Merely these few were able to take a better life and the bulk was left out B. Yes I think it is an appropriate good as one can non ever do material for the public good. It is non ever possible to make good for all on a big graduated table. You need a batch of resources. power to transport out actions on such a big graduated table. Alternatively it would be better to assist groups. households and single. This is comparatively easy to make and consequently a batch of people will profit from such actions. c. What should hold been otherwise I. Truth: – the company should hold told the truth in the advertizements. that the opportunity to win the game is highly little. This would assist particularly the hapless people in doing the more reasonable and invert their money in things what they truly need. two. Trust: – the company should hold tried to recover trust of the people by explicating to them that the error was non on intent and that they neer intended to ache people’s feelings. three. Consequences: – The Company should hold besides tried to explicate to the people that if Pepsi would pay the $ 18 billion to the people. so the company would travel broke and would hold to shut. This would ensue in 1000s of people fring their occupations. four. Government: – it should do certain that people understand such runs and don’t get seduced by such empty promises through better control over what the companies precisely advertise and what they do. d. Yes Pepsi was justified in non paying the full 1 million pesos: Doing that would intend that Pepsi would hold to pay a sum of more than $ 18 billion. a amount that would decidedly take to the company acquiring bankrupt. As a consequence of this 1000s of people would lose their occupations non merely in Philippines but besides in other parts of the universe where Pepsi operates as the Whole Pepsi administration would be affected by this immense loss. The portion and stock holder might lose a batch of money as a consequence of this loss at Pepsi. Thus it is a really complicated and damaging concatenation reaction that would be set of into action if Pepsi paid the money. Pepsi made a error in publishing the Numberss. something it did non mean to make. It kept its promise of giving out the 1 million to people who had the Numberss but now you can’t anticipate the company to pay $ 18 billion because of an honorable error. Everyone makes errors. e. Europe: – The response would hold been different as the people in Europe are non that hapless and populate a good life. They are non that desperate. They are besides good educated and understand such runs. South America and Africa: – the response might hold been similar to that in Philippines as the people are hapless and are despairing to hold money. Most of the people are non good educated and therefore don’t truly understand such runs. Asia: – the response here might be non that aggressive as in Philippine as the people are good educated and although besides being hapless they live in extremely developing states for illustration India. China etc. that are invariably attractive immense investings from around the universe. Multinational companies are constructing immense mills here and are outsourcing their maps in these states. As such the people are non that desperate. f. The houses offer was OK. it could hold offered some more money. but whatever it might hold offered it would hold neer been plenty for the people. The company had to believe about all its stockholders and paying the full sum would hold damaged batch of them for illustration Insurance companies. Company Employees. Banks and fiscal establishments. Share and Stockholders etc. It was in the best involvement of everyone for the company to pay 500 pesos and non the full 1 million. 4. What would I make? Probably the ethical rules violated have to make with trust that they would maintain their word. ( wage for victors ) even if it weren’t profitable. I don’t believe the ads said anything about conditions of payment are merely if they ‘choose the correct. low chance figure to guarantee low payoff’ . It seems besides that they need their clients. peculiarly since Coke clients will non be affected by Pepsi-Philippines determination non to pay off. I would do certain that the advertizements would advert the hazards and possibilities of winning. The people would be cognizant of the fact that it is really hard to win. This would assist a individual non to put all his hopes and resources in something that is itself a dream. I would besides seek to explicate to the people that if Pepsi would pay the $ 18 billion to the people. so the company would travel broke and would hold to shut. This would ensue in 1000s of people fring their occupations. I would seek to keep the good will of the clients. The jutting $ loss from loss in repute may be worse than paying the awards. Simply from a concern and ethical position. I would hold done something really rapidly to keep the good will of the clients one time I knew of the error. I would hold tried to recover trust of the people by explicating to them that the error was non on intent and that the company neer intended to ache people’s feelings. Possibly in Hong Kong the consequences would hold been less extremist or violent. However that wouldn’t mean that the company wasn’t merely as incorrect for their short-sightedness and sloppiness. Their sloppiness led to force and decease. Something should hold been done otherwise. Yes. 5. Application of to instance 5. 1. Personal Traits: Business determinations are made by persons or by commissions. therefore the moralss of concern in world is the moralss of the persons doing up the concern. A series of factors influence a individuals moralss: personal values. phase of moral development and moral approbation. The extent to which a determination maker’s behavior reflects personal values depends to some extent on the determination maker’s self-importance strength. field dependance and venue of control. There the Pepsi-cola company is a large participant with a batch of power which can take to high self-importance strength and venue of control. This might do the company to travel its ain manner and put incorrect criterions and usage questionable methods. Phases of development depict the type of principle used to choose options. Moral approbation characterizes the internal demand for blessing something that is barely present in large companies. Each of these traits either supports ethical or unethical behav ior. 5. 2. Stakeholders: A stakeholder is person who has a interest in an organisation or a plan. Stakeholders either impact the organization/program or are affected by it. Stakeholders include people who staff a plan ( e. g. . direction. staff ) ; people who are affected by a plan ( e. g. . clients. their households. and the community ) ; people who contribute to a plan in other ways ( e. g. . subscribers. support bureaus and foundations. voluntaries. spouse organisations. board members. etc. ) ; and people with a vested involvement in the plan ( e. g. . politicians. neighbours. etc. ) . rivals. providers etc. The company did non take into consideration the effects of this run on peculiarly its consumers. The Stakeholders influence determinations in both ethical and unethical waies. 5. 3. Organizational Culture and Traits It might be referred to as the common set of premises. beliefs and values that has developed within the administration to get by with the external and internal environment and that is passed on to new members to steer their actions within these environments. It provides a sense of individuality among members and promotes a committedness of the members to something larger than ego. It besides provides for stableness of the organizational societal system and principle and way for behavior. While organizational civilization serves as the overall gum of the administration specific facets of its civilization are influenced by the organizational traits for e. g. organizational clime and organizational ends etc. 3. 4. Dimensions of Decision Making The Decision Processes aid to explicate the types of ethical determination doing behaviors that occur in concern. Directors indicate there are specific actions that they will non permit – therefore. the minimal public presentation regulation. Once a set of determination options has been established. each one is evaluated on the bases of the Decision dimensions like economic. political. technological. societal and ethical issues. These issues are responsible at the terminal about the ethical nature of the determination. 3. 5. Moral Intensity The grade of moral strength influences the determination maker’s determinations. A individual with a high moral strength is tend to see moral and ethical issues more profoundly than a individual who’s moral strength lies really low. 3. 6. Minimal Performance Level/ Total Benefit Test The determination shaper applies a minimal public presentation regulation to each of the determinations that specifies the minimal acceptable public presentation degree for each of the determination dimensions. Any alternate that creates a struggle of involvement will be dropped from consideration. The minimal public presentation degree might be less than the coveted degree and when considered by itself would take to rejection of the option. Decisions Alternatives that survive the Minimum Performance Level regulation trial may so be subjected to the 2nd stage. entire benefit giving the overall value of each option. After the benefit for each determination variable has being considered has been derived. one would anticipate that the determination shaper would choose the option with the highest benefit. 6. Lessons Critical for organisations that are endeavoring to derive or keep a competitory advantage and that are in the procedure of re-structuring for the new century. Decision-making is an of import factor for turning organisational memory with freshly created cognition and a broader base of positions to utilize in subsequent decision-making state of affairss. Give a peculiar determination context and a determination shaper with a set of personal values. it may be really hard to see all sides of the issue. Individual. managerial and organizational success all depend on doing the right determinations at the right times. 1 However. decision-making is merely one constituent of the problem-solving procedure. Unless a job has been defined and its root causes identified. directors are improbable to be able to do an appropriate determination about how to work out it. Effective directors know how to garner and measure information that clarifies a job. They know the value of bring forthing more than one action option and weighing all the deductions of a program before make up ones minding to implement it. A major duty for all directors is to keep a changeless sentinel for existent or possible jobs. Directors do this by maintaining channels of communicating unfastened and monitoring. When a job involves others. they need to experience understood and accepted ; they must hold assurance that the job can be resolved ; they must swear direction to see the job as a learning experience and non as an alibi to penalize person. Whether blameworthy or non. the usage of the cloak of societal duty. and the bunk spoken in its name by influential and esteemed business communities. does clearly harm the foundations of a free society. I have been impressed clip and once more by the schizophrenic character of many business communities. They are capable of being highly far-sighted and clear-headed in affairs that are internal to their concerns. They are improbably short-sighted and muddle-headed in affairs that are outside their concerns but affect the possible endurance of concern in general. But the philosophy of â€Å"social responsibility† taken earnestly would widen the range of the political mechanism to every human activity. It does non differ in doctrine from the most explicitly corporate philosophy. It differs merely by professing to believe that collectivized terminals can be attained without leftist agencies. The societal duty of concern is to utilize its resources and prosecute in activities designed to increase its net incomes so long as it stays within the regulations of the game. which is to state. engages in unfastened and free competition without misrepresentation or fraud.

Cloud Computing Essay Example

Cloud Computing Essay Example Cloud Computing Essay Cloud Computing Essay Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 1 Return to Table of Contents CLOUD COMPUTING Web-Based Applications That Change he Way You Work and Collaborate Online Michael Miller 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 2 Return to Table of Contents Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Copyright  © 2009 by Que Publishing All rights reserved.No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any lia- bility assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-3803-5 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3803-1Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file. Printed in the United States of America First Printing: August 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Que Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade- mark or service mark. Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accu- rate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an as is basis.The author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. Bulk Sales Que Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact U. S. Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 [emailprotected] com For sales outside of the U. S. , please contact International Sales [emailprotected] com Associate Publisher Greg Wiegand Acquisitions Editor Rick Kughen Development Editor Rick KughenManaging Editor Patrick Kanouse Project Editor Seth Kerney Copy Editor Keith Cline Indexer Tim Wright Proofreader Paula Lowell Technical Editor/Reviewer Aaron Ricadela Publishing Coordinator Cindy Teeters Book Designer Anne Jones Page Layout Bronkella Publishing LLC Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 3 Return to Table of Contents About the Author Michael Miller is a successful and prolific author.He is known for his casual, easy-to-read writing style and his ability to explain a wide variety of complex topics to an everyday audience. Mr. Miller has written more than 80 nonfiction books over the past two decades, with more than a million copies in print. His books for Que include Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Computer Basics, How Microsoft Windows Vista Works, Making a Living from Your eBay Business, Googlepedia: The Ultimate Google Resource, and Is It Safe? Protecting Your Computer, Your Business, and Yourself Online. You can email Mr. Miller directly at [emailprotected] com. His website is located at www. olehillgroup. com. Dedication To Sherry. Life is a cloud. Acknowledgments Thanks to the usual suspects at Que, including but not limited to Greg Wiegand, Rick Kughen, Seth Kerney Keith Cline, and technical editor Aaron Ricadela. Cloud Computing: W eb-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 4 Return to Table of Contents We Want to Hear from You! As the reader of this book, you are our most important critic and commenta- tor.We value your opinion and want to know what we’re doing right, what we could do better, what areas you’d like to see us publish in, and any other words of wisdom you’re willing to pass our way. As an associate publisher for Que Publishing, I welcome your comments. You can email or write me directly to let me know what you did or didn’t like about this book- as well as what we can do to make our books better. Please note that I cannot help you with technical problems related to the topic of this book We do have a User Services group, however, where I will forward specific technical questions related to the bookWhen you write, please be sure to include this book’s title and author as well as your name, email address, and phone number. I wi ll carefully review your comments and share them with the author and editors who worked on the book. Email: [emailprotected] com Mail: Greg Wiegand Associate Publisher Que Publishing 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA Reader Services Visit our website and register this book at informit. com/register for convenient access to any updates, downloads, or errata that might be available for this book.Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 5 Return to Table of Contents Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 6 Return to Table of Contents Introduction IntroductionComputing as you know it is about to change: Your applications and documents are going to move from the desktop into the cloud. I’m talking about cloud computing, where applications and files are hosted on a cloud consisting of thousands of com- puters and servers, all linked together and accessible via the Internet. With cloud computing, everything you do is now web based instead of being desktop based. You can access all your programs and documents from any computer that’s connected to the Internet. How will cloud computing change the way you work? For one thing, you’re no longer tied to a single computer.You can take your work anywhere because it’s always accessible via the web. In addition, cloud computing facilitates group collaboration, as all group members can access the same programs and documents from wherever they happen to be located. Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 7 Return to Table of Contents 2 Cloud ComputingCloud computing might sound far-fetched, but chances are you’re already using some cloud applications. If you’re using a web-based email program, such as Gmail or Hotmail, you’re computing in the cloud. If you’re using a web-based application suc h as Google Calendar or Apple MobileMe, you’re computing in the cloud. If you’re using a file- or photo-sharing site, such as Flickr or Picasa Web Albums, you’re computing in the cloud. It’s the technol- ogy of the future, available to use today. How does cloud computing work? What does cloud computing mean for the way you use a computer?What are the top cloud computing applications? Good questions all, and all answered in this book: Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online. I don’t pre- tend to answer every question you may have (the overly technical ones in particular), but I do try to give you a good solid overview of the cloud comput- ing phenomenon, and introduce you to some of the more popular cloud applications- in particular, those that facilitate group collaboration. And that’s where cloud computing really shines.Whether you want to share photographs with family members, coordinate volunteers for a community organization, or manage a multifaceted project in a large organization, cloud computing can help you collaborate and communicate with other group members. You’ll have a better idea of how this works after you read the book, but trust me on this one- if you need to collaborate, cloud computing is the way to do it. How This Book Is Organized Cloud computing is actually a pretty simple concept, but one with lots of vari- ations and ramifications.To help you better understand what cloud comput- ing is and what it does, I’ve organized this book into four major parts:  ¦ Part I, Understanding Cloud Computing, is the place for you to start learning about cloud computing. I explain how cloud computing works and examine which types of users can best benefit from this new technology.  ¦ Part II, Cloud Computing for Everyone, examines the practical bene- fit of cloud computing for users in three different scenarios: in the fam- ily, in the community and in the large organization. Part III, Using Cloud Services, is an overview of various types of web- based applications. You’ll learn about cloud services for scheduling, contact management, project management, word processing, presenta- tions, and other key applications. Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 8 Return to Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3  ¦ Part IV, Outside the Cloud: Other Ways to Collaborate Online, moves eyond strict cloud computing to examine other Internet-based tools for group collaboration, including web email, instant messaging, social networks, online groupware, blogs, and wikis. Taken together, the 20 chapters in this book provide an excellent overview of cloud computing. If you’re not sure what cloud computing is yet, you will be when you get done reading this book. Conventions Used in This Book I hope that this book is easy enough to figure out on its own, without requir- ing it s own instruction manual. As you read through the pages, however, it helps to know precisely how I’ve presented specific types of information.Web Page Addresses There are a lot of web page addresses in this book. They’re noted as such: www. molehillgroup. com Technically, a web page address is supposed to start with http:// (as in molehillgroup. com). Because Internet Explorer and other web browsers automatically insert this piece of the address, however, you don’t have to type it- and I haven’t included it in any of the addresses in this book. Cloud Services I also list a lot of web-based applications and services in this book; after all, that’s what cloud computing is all about.Know, however, that companies are constantly changing prices, coming out with new features, introducing com- pletely new services, and discontinuing older ones. With that in mind, every service and URL listed in this book is valid as of June 2008; chances are, how- ever, that something will change by the time you read the book. Special Elements This book includes two special elements that provide additional information not included in the basic text. These elements are designed to supplement the text to make it your learning faster, easier, and more efficient.Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online Page 9 Return to Table of Contents Cloud Computing In addition, I end each chapter with a side- bar- a chunk of text that goes beyond what is presented in the normal chapter text to provide additional information that may be of interest to you. I find these side- bars interesting but not necessarily essen- tial; you may or may not feel the same. note A note is designed to provide information that is generally useful but not pecifically necessary for what you’re doing at the moment. tip A tip offers additional advice that might prove useful to the task at hand. Let Me Know What You Think I always l ove to hear from readers. If you want to contact me, feel free to email me at [emailprotected] com. I can’t promise that I’ll answer every message, but I do promise to read each one! If you want to learn more about me and any new books I have cooking, check out my Molehill Group website at www. molehillgroup. com. Who knows- you might A caution warns you of a particular situation-be alert to .the warning! ind some other books there that you’d like to read. 4 [pic] CHAPTER 1 Beyond the Desktop: An Introduction to Cloud Computing n a world that sees new technological trends bloom and fade on almost a daily basis, one new trend promises more longevity. This trend is called cloud computing, and it will change the way you use your computer and the Internet. Cloud computing portends a major change in how we store information and run applications. Instead of running programs and data on an individual desktop computer, every-thing is hosted in the cloud- a nebulous asse mblage ofcomputers and servers accessed via the Internet.Cloud computing lets you access all your applications and docu-ments from anywhere in the world, freeing you from the confines of the desktop and making it easier for group mem-bers in different locations to collaborate. fe3 Cloud Computing: What It Is and What It Isn’t From Collaboration to the Cloud: A Short History of Cloud Computing . The Network Is the Computer: How Cloud Computing Works Companies in the Cloud: Cloud Computing Today Why Cloud Computing Matters Cloud 8 PART I Understanding Cloud ComputingThe emergence of cloud computing is the computing equivalent of the electric-ity revolution of a century ago. Before the advent of electrical utilities, every farm and business produced its own electricity from freestanding generators. After the electrical grid was created, farms and businesses shut down their generators and bought electricity from the utilities, at a much lower price (and with much greater reliabil ity) than they could produce on their own. Look for the same type of revolution to occur as cloud computing takes hold.The desktop-centric notion of computing that we hold today is bound to fall by the wayside as we come to expect the universal access, 24/7 reliability, and ubiquitous collaboration promised by cloud computing. It is the way of the future. Cloud Computing: What It Is-and What It Isn’t With traditional desktop computing, you run copies of software programs on each computer you own. The documents you create are stored on the com- puter on which they were created. Although documents can be accessed from other computers on the network, they can’t be accessed by computers outside the network.The whole scene is PC-centric. With cloud computing, the software programs you use aren’t run from your personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet. If your computer crashes, the software is still available for others to use. Same goes for the documents you create; they’re stored on a collection of servers accessed via the Internet. Anyone with permission can not only access the documents, but can also edit and collaborate on those documents in realtime. Unlike traditional computing, this cloud computing model isn’t PC- centric, it’s document-centric.Which PC you use to access a document simply isn’t important. But that’s a simplification. Let’s look in more detail at what cloud computing is- and, just as important, what it isn’t. What Cloud Computing Isn’t First, cloud computing isn’t network computing. With network computing, applications/documents are hosted on a single company’s server and accessed over the company’s network. Cloud computing is a lot bigger than that. It encompasses multiple companies, multiple servers, and multiple networks. Plus, unlike network computing, cloud services and storage are accessible fromC H A P T E R 1 Beyond the Desktop: An Introduction to Cloud Computing anywhere in the world over an Internet connection; with network computing, access is over the company’s network only. Cloud computing also isn’t traditional outsourcing, where a company farms out (subcontracts) its computing services to an outside firm. While an out-sourcing firm might host a company’s data or applications, those documents and programs are only accessible to the company’s employees via the com-pany’s network, not to the entire world via the Internet. So, despite superficial similarities, etworking computing and outsourcing are not cloud computing. What Cloud Computing Is Key to the definition of cloud computing is the cloud itself. For our purposes,the cloud is a large group of interconnected computers. These computers can be personal computers or network servers; they can be public or private. For example, Google hosts a cloud that consists of both smallish PCs and larg er servers. Google’s cloud is a private one (that is, Google owns it) that is publicly accessible (by Google’s users). This cloud of computers extends beyond a single company or enterprise.The applications and data served by the cloud are available to broad group of users, cross-enterprise and cross-platform. Access is via the Internet. Any authorized user can access these docs and apps from any computer over any Internet connection. And, to the user, the technology and infrastructure behind the cloud is invisible. It isn’t apparent (and, in most cases doesn’t mat-ter) whether cloud services are based on HTTP, HTML, XML, JavaScript, or other specific technologies. It might help to examine how one of the pioneers of cloud computing,Google, perceives the topic.From Google’s perspective, there are six key prop-erties of cloud computing:  ¦ Cloud computing is user-centric. Once you as a user are connected to the cloud, whatever is stored there- docum ents, messages, images, applications, whatever- becomes yours. In addition, not only is the data yours, but you can also share it with others. In effect, any device that accesses your data in the cloud also becomes yours.  ¦ Cloud computing is task-centric. Instead of focusing on the applica-tion and what it can do, the focus is on what you need done and how the application can do it for you. Traditional applications- word pro-cessing, spreadsheets, email, and so on- are becoming less important than the documents they create. 9 10PART IUnderstanding Cloud Computing  ¦ Cloud computing is powerful. Connecting hundreds or thousands of computers together in a cloud creates a wealth of computing power impossible with a single desktop PC.  ¦ Cloud computing is accessible. Because data is stored in the cloud, users can instantly retrieve more information from multiple reposito-ries. You’re not limited to a single source of data, as you are with a desktop PC. Cloud computing is intelligent. With all the various data stored on the computers in a cloud, data mining and analysis are necessary to access that information in an intelligent manner.  ¦ Cloud computing is programmable. Many of the tasks necessary with cloud computing must be automated. For example, to protect the integrity of the data, information stored on a single computer in the cloud must be replicated on other computers in the cloud. If that one computer goes offline, the cloud’s programming automatically redis- tributes that computer’s data to a new computer in the cloud.All these definitions behind us, what constitutes cloud computing in the real world? As you’ll learn throughout this book, a raft of web-hosted, Internet-accessible, group-collaborative applications are currently available, with many more onthe way. Perhaps the best and most popular examples of cloud computing applications today are the Google family of applications- Google Docs Spreadsheets, Google C alendar, Gmail, Picasa, and the like. All of these appli-cations are hosted on Google’s servers, are accessible to any user with an Internet con-nection, and can be used for group collab-oration from anywhere in the world.In short, cloud computing enables a shift from the computer to the user, from appli-cations to tasks, and from isolated data to data that can be accessed from anywhere and shared with anyone. The user no longer has to take on the task of data management; he doesn’t even have to remember where the data is. All that mat-ters is that the data is in the cloud, and thus immediately available to that user and to other authorized users. Note: Developers and IT types might have a slightly different definition of cloud computing than that for an end user.To the people who develop and manage computer systems, cloud computing is all about horizontal scalability in the form of server capability; the technical challenge is developing operating systems and applica- tions to manage this sort of on-the-fly scaling-while keeping the mechanics of it invisible to , the end user. CHAPTER 1 Beyond the Desktop: An Introduction to Cloud Computing 11 From Collaboration to the Cloud: A Short History of Cloud Computing Cloud computing has as its antecedents both client/server computing and peer-to-peer distributed computing.It’s all a matter of how centralized storage facilitates collaboration and how multiple computers work together to increase computing power. Client/Server Computing: Centralized Applications and Storage In the antediluvian days of computing (pre-1980 or so), everything operated on the client/server model. All the software applications, all the data, and all the control resided on huge mainframe computers, otherwise known as servers. If a user wanted to access specific data or run a program, he had to connect to the mainframe, gain appropriate access, and then do his business while essen-tially renting the program or data from th e server.Users connected to the server via a computer terminal, sometimes called a workstation or client. This computer was sometimes called a dumb terminal because it didn’t have a lot (if any! ) memory, storage space, or processing power. It was merely a device that connected the user to and enabled him to use the mainframe computer. Users accessed the mainframe only when granted permission, and the infor- mation technology (IT) staff weren’t in the habit of handing out access casu-ally. Even on a mainframe computer, processing power is limited- and the IT staff were the guardians of that power.Access was not immediate, nor could two users access the same data at the same time. Beyond that, users pretty much had to take whatever the IT staff gave them- with no variations. Want to customize a report to show only a subset of the normal information? Can’t do it. Want to create a new report to look at some new data? You can’t do it, although the IT staff ca n- but on their schedule, which might be weeks from now. The fact is, when multiple people are sharing a single computer, even if that computer is a huge mainframe, you have to wait your turn.Need to rerun a financial report? No problem- if you don’t mind waiting until this afternoon,or tomorrow morning. There isn’t always immediate access in a client/server environment, and seldom is there immediate gratification. So the client/server model, while providing similar centralized storage, differed from cloud computing in that it did not have a user-centric focus; with client/server computing, all the control rested with the mainframe- and with the guardians of that single computer. It was not a user-enabling environment. 2 PART I Understanding Cloud Computing Peer-to-Peer Computing: Sharing Resources As you can imagine, accessing a client/server system was kind of a hurry up and wait experience. The server part of the system also created a huge bottle-neck. All communica tions between computers had to go through the server first, however inefficient that might be. The obvious need to connect one computer to another without first hitting the server led to the development of peer-to-peer (P2P) computing.P2P computing defines a network architecture in which each computer has equivalent capa-bilities and responsibilities. This is in contrast to the traditional client/server network architecture, in which one or more computers are dedicated to serv-ing the others. (This relationship is sometimes characterized as a master/slave relationship, with the central server as the master and the client computer as the slave. ) P2P was an equalizing concept. In the P2P environment, every computer is a client and a server; there are no masters and slaves.By recognizing all com-puters on the network as peers, P2P enables direct exchange of resources and services. There is no need for a central server, because any computer can func-tion in that capacity when called on to do so. P2P was also a decentralizing concept. Control is decentralized, with all com-puters functioning as equals. Content is also dispersed among the various peer computers. No centralized server is assigned to host the available resources and services. Perhaps the most notable implementation of P2P computing is the Internet.Many of today’s users forget (or never knew) that the Internet was initially conceived, under its original ARPAnet guise, as a peer-to-peer system that would share computing resources across the United States. The various ARPAnet sites- and there weren’t many of them- were connected together not as clients and servers, but as equals. The P2P nature of the early Internet was best exemplified by the Usenet net-work. Usenet, which was created back in 1979, was a network of computers (accessed via the Internet), each of which hosted the entire contents of the net-work. Messages were propagated between the eer computers; users connect-ing to any si ngle Usenet server had access to all (or substantially all) the messages posted to each individual server. Although the users’ connection to the Usenet server was of the traditional client/server nature, the relationship between the Usenet servers was definitely P2P- and presaged the cloud com-puting of today. CHAPTER 1 Beyond the Desktop: An Introduction to Cloud Computing 13 That said, not every part of the Internet is P2P in nature. With the develop-ment of the World Wide Web came a shift away from P2P back to the client/server model.On the web, each website is served up by a group of com-puters, and sites’ visitors use client software (web browsers) to access it. Almost all content is centralized, all control is centralized, and the clients have no autonomy or control in the process. Distributed Computing: Providing More Computing Power One of the most important subsets of the P2P model is that of distributed com-puting, where idle PCs across a network or across th e Internet are tapped to provide computing power for large, processor-intensive projects.It’s a simple concept, all about cycle sharing between multiple computers. A personal computer, running full-out 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, is capa-ble of tremendous computing power. Most people don’t use their computers 24/7, however, so a good portion of a computer’s resources go unused. Distributed computing uses those resources. When a computer is enlisted for a distributed computing project, software is installed on the machine to run various processing activities during those peri-ods when the PC is typically unused.The results of that spare-time processing are periodically uploaded to the distributed computing network, and com-bined with similar results from other PCs in the project. The result, if enough computers are involved, simulates the processing power of much larger main-frames and supercomputers- which is necessary for some very large and com-plex computi ng projects. For example, genetic research requires vast amounts of computing power. Left to traditional means, it might take years to solve essential mathematical problems. By connecting together thousands or millions) of individual PCs, more power is applied to the problem, and the results are obtained that much sooner. Distributed computing dates back to 1973, when multiple computers were net-worked together at the Xerox PARC labs and worm software was developed to cruise through the network looking for idle resources. A more practical appli-cation of distributed computing appeared in 1988, when researchers at the DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) System Research Center developed soft-ware that distributed the work to factor large numbers among workstations within their laboratory.By 1990, a group of about 100 users, utilizing this software, had factored a 100-digit number. By 1995, this same effort had been expanded to the web to factor a 130-digit number. 14PART IUnderstandin g Cloud Computing It wasn’t long before distributed computing hit the Internet. The first major Internet-based distributed computing project was distributed. net, launched in 1997, which employed thousands of personal computers to crack encryption codes. Even bigger was [emailprotected], launched in May 1999, which linked together millions of individual computers to search for intelligent life in outer space.Many distributed computing projects are conducted within large enterprises, using traditional network connections to form the distributed computing net-work. Other, larger, projects utilize the computers of everyday Internet users, with the computing typically taking place offline, and then uploaded once a day via traditional consumer Internet connections . Collaborative Computing: Working as a Group From the early days of client/server computing through the evolution of P2P, there has been a desire for multiple users to work simultaneously on the same computer-based proj ect.This type of collaborative computing is the driving force behind cloud computing, but has been around for more than a decade. Early group collaboration was enabled by the combination of several different P2P technologies. The goal was (and is) to enable multiple users to collaborate on group projects online, in real time. To collaborate on any project, users must first be able to talk to one another. In today’s environment, this means instant messaging for text-based commu-nication, with optional audio/telephony and video capabilities for voice and picture communication. Most collaboration systems offer the complete range of udio/video options, for full-featured multiple-user video conferencing. In addition, users must be able to share files and have multiple users work on the same document simultaneously. Real-time whiteboarding is also common, especially in corporate and education environments. Early group collaboration systems ranged from the relatively simple (Lotus N otes and Microsoft NetMeeting) to the extremely complex (the building-block architecture of the Groove Networks system). Most were targeted at large corporations, and limited to operation over the companies’ private networks.Note: Whiteboarding is where one or more users draw on a virtual white-board that is viewable by all the members of the group. C H A P T E R 1 Beyond the Desktop: An Introduction to Cloud Computing15 Cloud Computing: The Next Step in Collaboration With the growth of the Internet, there was no need to limit group collaboration to a single enterprise’s network environment. Users from multiple locations within a cor-poration, and from multiple organizations,desired to collaborate on projects that crossed company and geographic boundaries.To do this, projects had to be housed in the cloud of the Internet, and accessed from any Internet-enabled location. The concept of cloud-based documents and services took wing with the devel-opment of large server fa rms, such as those run by Google and other search companies. Google already had a collection of servers that it used to power its massive search engine; why not use that same computing power to drive a collection of web-based applications- and, in the process, provide a new level of Internet-based group collaboration?That’s exactly what happened, although Google wasn’t the only company offering cloud computing solutions. On the infrastructure side, IBM, Sun Systems, and other big iron providers are offering the hardware necessary to build cloud networks. On the software side, dozens of companies are develop-ing cloud-based applications and storage services. Today, people are using cloud services and storage to create, share, find, and organize information of all different types. Tomorrow, this functionality will be available not only to computer users, ut to users of any device that con-nects to the Internet- mobile phones, portable music players, even automo-biles and home television sets. Note: The term cloud com-puting is a relatively recent one, gaining prominence in 2007 as a means of describing Internet-based distributed com-puting and its associated applications. The Network Is the Computer: How Cloud Computing Works Sun Microsystems’s slogan is The network is the computer, and that’s as good as any to describe how cloud computing works. In essence, a network of computers functions as a single computer to serve data and applications to users over the Internet.The network exists in the cloud of IP addresses that we know as the Internet, offers massive computing power and storage capabil-ity and enables widescale group collaboration. But that

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Globalization And Impact Of Mcdonalds Globalization Commerce Essay In the irreversible tide of globalization, whether developed countries or developing countries, regardless of whether it is willing, have consciously or unconsciously integrated into the process, or they will lose living space. Certain culture is linked to a certain level of economic development. Economic globalization is bound to have profound effects on global culture, so all kinds of culture are undergoing great changes under the great driving force of economic globalization. Culture has a lot to with the contemporary way of life, so globalization has a great impact on the consumers (David, 1996). In the process of globalization, many enterprises embark on a path from Localization to globalization, and McDonalds is just the example that plays an important part in the fast-food business in the world. McDonalds has made a great success in the international arena since its inception, and it has left a deep impression on the mind of many consumers. Now McDonalds is not just a restaura nt, but also a cultural symbol, which has an impact on consumers. McDonalds has implemented a series of marketing strategies in order to adapt to the cultural environment of other countries, and this changes also affect the local consumers. Now McDonalds has become a global icon, and it affects the lifestyle of people worldwide. This article mainly includes two parts: the first part focuses on human consequences of globalization, and the second section is primarily about McDonalds globalization and the impact on consumers. 2, human consequences of globalization Globalization is a new phenomenon becoming increasingly apparent since 1980s, and it is the basic characteristics of our times (Steger, 2003). Globalization is a process, which refers to the flow of material and spiritual products break the shackles of regional and national boundaries, affecting every corner of life on Earth. Globalization also includes cross-border movement of personnel. The flow of human is the highest level of comprehensive between material and spiritual movement. In the process of globalization, the most obvious feature is economic globalization. Globalization has a great impact on human, and the influence is increasing with time going on. Correctly understanding and properly dealing with globalization is conducive to promote economic development and progress of human civilization. Just as every coin has two sides, globalization also has two different effects on human. Globalization has gone far beyond the economic field and is producing a wide range of influence on the international political, security, social and cultural fields. The positive effects of globalization are as follows: the first aspect is on promoting the development of innovation. Globalization promotes the global optimal allocation of production, resources, personnel, trade, investment and finance, which reduces costs and improves efficiency. If countries would like to explore advanced development model, they must consider the factors of globalization and make use of the opportunities of globalization. The second aspect focuses on promoting the rational allocation of resources. Globalization can reasonably allocate the worldwide Capital, technology, products, markets, resources and labor. Globalization has accelerated the free flow of production factors in the worldwide and formed a unified gl obal market, which promote the globalization of multinational operations and restructuring of global industry, and maximize the optimal allocation of resources. The third aspect is primarily about boosting human civilization. Based on globalization, global issues, global interests and global governance, human may form new common values of human and new human civilization, which can break the Wests leading role of human civilization and achieve a higher surpass than Western civilization. When seeing the positive effects of globalization, at the same time, the gradual accumulation of its negative effect can not be ignored (Stiglitz, 2003). The first aspect is about instability of the world economy. Globalization strengthens the instability of the world economy, which is adverse for countries to make a development. The relationship between national economies and the world economy is becoming more closely under globalization. Each countrys economic stability will depend not only on thei r domestic factors, to a greater extent by the tremendous impact of international factors. Fierce competition and economic instability increase the difficulty of developing the national economy. The second aspect is on global economic crisis. With the increasing close of the global economic chain, it has a big possibility that a sharp rise in energy prices, serious financial order out of control, obviously big countrys economic recession may cause the global economic recession. 3, McDonalds globalization and the impact on consumers 3.1 McDonalds globalization McDonalds corporate headquarter is located in the Illinois of United States, which is an international company of possessing multi-billion dollar. Now McDonalds has become one of the largest fast food chains in the world. Since the McDonald brothers and Ray Kroc, the founders of McDonalds opened its first restaurant in the Illinois of United States, McDonalds has established more than 30,000 restaurants, located in over 120 countries and the regions around the world, and its worldwide turnover is about 10.49 billion dollars ¼Ã‹â€ Ritzer, 2006 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. McDonalds is developing at a rapid speed, and McDonalds represents an American way of life in many countries. McDonalds sales firmly carbonated drinks that Coca-Cola Company offers, McDonalds and Coca-Cola Company practically form strategic alliances. McDonalds around the world make appropriate adjustments and try to be in accordance with the tastes of local people. In addition, McDonalds now controls some other restaurant brands, such as Aroma Cafà ©, and Donatos Pizza. In 2008, McDonalds total revenue reached 23.5 billion U.S. dollars, net profit of 4.3 billion U.S. dollars. Ronald McDonald as one of the McDonalds signs, a symbol of harmony and friendliness, represents that McDonalds will always be your friend and community member. McDonalds is ready every now and then for children and communitys development to devote its strengths. Childrens Charity Foundation of Ronald McDonald was established in 1984, and the organization has donated more than 5 million U.S. dollars to help the children around the world. McDonalds has made a great success on a global scale. Over half of McDonalds restaurants are located overseas, which is the globalization strategies of McDonalds. McDonalds restaurants can be discovered in 118 countries and regions around the world, serving 50 million consumers everyday (Alfino, 1998). McDonalds has opened 100 new restaurants in China a year, and meanwhile, McDonalds has accomplished it s goal of 1000 new restaurants by the opening of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which are all the certification of McDonalds globalization. The founders of McDonalds have never anticipated that their ambition has so astounding influence. The influential development of McDonalds has an impact not only on the fast-food industry, but also on the contemporary way of life, and the impact is likely to accelerate in the early 21st century. 3.2 McDonalds impact on consumers Just as globalization has two different aspects of effects on human beings, in the process of McDonalds globalization, McDonalds impacts on consumers are also different, including positive effect and negative impact. Ronald McDonald is McDonalds Chief Happiness Officer, and he has lasted for about 50 years. Previously, children, youth, parents and other market segments were familiar with amiable Ronald McDonald, who was a good brand ambassador. McDonalds corporate culture is a kind of family-happy culture, which emphasizes its influences of happy culture. Duo to its huge influences, McDonalds has an impact on eating habits of consumers. MacDonalds has three characteristics: quick, cheap and widely accepted by the public. But the feature of fast has actually changed. Fast food restaurants have changed into the conveniently leisure and recreation area, so the function has changed (Schlosser, 2002). Now the restaurants have turned into the celebration ceremony, the premises of reading and writing, birthday party places, and leisure venue for chatting. From the feature of cheap, most people only occasionally patronize, which explains that the food is not real cheap. From a deeper level, the significance of McDonalds as a symbol of American culture is more obvious than as a symbol of fast food. McDonalds has become a cultural ambassador and make more people understand American culture. The meal price of McDonalds between species has little difference, so does the consumption level and the services provided. Warm dining environment and good services attract many kinds of social groups, and McDonalds is showing a different image in all kinds of peoples minds. All kinds of people with different needs and life experience see the same thing, and their feelings also are different (Tomlinson, 1999). They grasp a point of McDonalds culture from their own perspective. McDonalds have taken a wide range of measures in the business strategy, in order to meet all levels of society and people of all ages, such as facilitates for young lovers as the Valentines corner and Childrens Paradise. And the staffs are dressed up as McDonalds uncle, aunt, and play with children. Many children are fond of the food of McDonalds and they want to patronize McDonald as often as they can. Though many young lovers may do not like the food, they also want to go to McDonalds, because the environment of McDonalds is good (Ritzer, 1996). No matter McDonalds marketing idea and McDonalds business philosophy, are all established to attract more customers, and McDonalds has more and more huge impact on eating habits of consumers. When McDonalds affect the eating habits of consumers, it also shock the culture of different countries. In the context of globalization, different cultures around the world communicate, permeate, collide and merge with each other. No strong cultural is not a real power. If countries want to become a power, they should prevent its own culture from cultural erosion. In the process of McDonalds globalization, McDonalds has a great impact on local culture, which may cause cultural erosion for residents. McDonalds transforms its marketing strategies into pursuing cool, excitement, and adventure, which has a great attraction by the young family (Paul, 1997). Young family is lack of judgment ability, and McDonalds culture may cause them making a mistake. The themes of cool, on your own decision, playing my game are very popular among young people, due to the influences of McDonalds, and these themes may have a violation comparing with local culture. For example, as long as customers shout I m lovein it at the waiter, they will be able to receive a cylindrical ice cream. Such activities are very popular with aggressive young people. Some students think that these activities are very fresh and interesting. All these may affect the native culture to some extent. Meanwhile, McDonalds have an impact on the contemporary way of life. Many children like the food of McDonalds and they want to patronize McDonald as often as they can. Some of them want to go to McDonalds and eat its food everyday, and the food of McDonalds becomes their main food. Nowadays, McDonalds has become the symbol of fashion and adventure. Some young people regard going to McDonalds as a fashion and adventure, which can demonstrate that they are the younger generation. In addition, McDonalds supplies fast food for consumers, which may affect the pace of life. Consumers tend to eat food quickly, and change their previous dietary habits. 4, conclusion Globalization has a great impact on human worldwide, and its impacts can be demonstrated from two aspects: positive impact and negative impact. Its positive impact refers to promoting the development of innovation, promoting the rational allocation of resources and boosting human civilization. Its negative impact focuses on instability of the world economy and global economic crisis. Generally speaking, globalizations positive impact on human beings outweighs its negative impact. Human beings should seize the opportunities of globalization and salute its threats, in order to make a long-term development. Globalization can be understood well by the process of McDonalds globalization (Featherstone, 1991). McDonalds can bring enjoyment for consumers, while it also affects eating habits of consumers, causes cultural erosion and has an impact on contemporary way of life. Globalization is an irresistible trend, and Globalization can give a beneficial effects on consumers as well as adverse effects. So consumers should make full use of its beneficial effects and resist its adverse effects in the process of globalization.